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質問 # 23
Mike is an OACETT C. Tech. He works for a municipal government in their infrastructuredepartment.
He is responsible for designing and approving the sewage and water management systems in new residential developments. Mike is currently revising the design for the sewage and water management system for a development that is six months behind schedule due to a series of worker and materials shortages. The developer is also experiencing severe financial pressures, as a result of cost over runs caused by the shortages. As he is revising the sewage and water management system designs, Mike notices a flaw in the water catchment system built around a small lake that is a key selling feature of the residential development. The design flaw means that, while the relevant standards are still met, in severe rainfall events the catchment system will be very susceptible to flooding. The flooding may in turn make the area dangerous for the residents using the park and recreational area around the lake.
Mike brings this design flaw to the attention of his manager. His manager then schedules a meeting with the developer to discuss the design flaw. The developer indicates that the design cannot be changed due to budget constraints and existing commitments to the present design. Mike's manager then communicates this to Mike. He directs Mike to stamp the designs. What should Mike do in this situation?
If Mike chooses to stamp the designs, what would the main issue be when it comes to professional practice?
正解：C
解説：
1. Why is this a Professional Ethics Issue?
* Mike is being asked to stamp a design that he knows poses a risk to public safety.
* Even though it meets minimum regulatory standards, engineering and technology professionals must prioritize safety over financial concerns.
2. Ethical and Legal Responsibilities
* OACETT's Code of Ethics states that members must "hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public."
* Ontario's Professional Engineers Act and the Ontario Building Code require professionals to report any potential hazards or defects in infrastructure projects.
* If Mike stamps the design despite knowing the risks, he could be:
* Held responsible if flooding occurs and causes harm.
* Subject to an ethics complaint and possible discipline from OACETT.
* Liable for negligence if legal action is taken against the municipal government.
3. Why Option D is Correct
#Mike has an obligation to act when a public safety concern exists.#Stamping the designs without addressing the flaw is a failure of professional duty.#OACETT requires members to report safety concerns, even if their employer pressures them to proceed.
4. Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A: (Disgraceful, dishonourable, or unprofessional conduct)#Incorrect
* While unethical, this does not fully capture the fact that the issue is a failure to act on a safety hazard.
B:(Failure to comply with regulations)#Incorrect
* The design meets current regulations, but the ethical concern is that it still poses a safety risk.
C: (Lack of competence)#Incorrect
* Mike is competent in his role, but he is being pressured to ignore an identified risk.
#Real-World Example:
* In 2018, the Florida International University pedestrian bridge collapsed, killing six people.
* Engineers had identified cracks in the structure but did not take action before the collapse.
* Had they refused to approve the design without corrections, lives could have been saved.
* Mike's situation is similar-failure to act on known risks can have serious consequences.
Reference:
OACETT Code of Ethics - Public Safety & Professional Responsibility
Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act - Obligation to Report Safety Risks Professional Engineers Act (Ontario) - Duty to Report Unsafe Designs
質問 # 24
What is the first step in the basic process to refuse work that is believed to be unsafe?
正解：D
解説：
1. Right to Refuse Unsafe Work in Ontario
* Under theOntario Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA), all workers havethe legal right to refuse work if they believe it is unsafe.
* The refusal process must follow legal steps to ensure safety and fairness.
2. The 4-Step Process to Refuse Unsafe Work
1##Employee notifies their supervisor or employer about the unsafe condition(first step).2##The employer must investigate the concern immediately.3##If the issue is unresolved, an inspector from the Ministry of Labour is called.4##The worker continues to refuse unsafe work until the issue is addressed.
3. Why Option B is Correct:
* Before an investigation begins, the worker must notify their supervisor about the issue.
4. Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
* A (Employer addresses concerns first)- Before this happens,the worker must report the issue.
* C (Investigation begins immediately)-An investigation only starts after the worker notifies their employer.
* D (Calling an inspector immediately)- The employermust first have an opportunity to resolve the issue internally.
Reference:
Ontario Occupational Health & Safety Act (OHSA) - Right to Refuse Unsafe Work Ministry of Labour Guidelines - Work Refusal Process in Ontario
質問 # 25
What is a widely-held corporation?
正解：A
解説：
Awidely-held corporationis a company whose shares arepublicly traded on a stock exchangeand are available for purchase by the general public.
Step-by-Step Explanation:
* Definition of a Widely-Held Corporation:
* A corporation withmany shareholders.
* Shares arepublicly traded on stock exchanges(e.g., TSX, NYSE).
* Characteristics:
* Subject tosecurities regulationsto protect investors.
* More transparency requiredin financial reporting.
* Why Option B Is Correct:
* Key feature: Shares can bebought and sold on a designated exchange.
* Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
* A (Many shareholders)- Not all large companies are publicly traded.
* C (Shares not available to public)- Describes aprivately-held corporation.
* D (Few shareholders)- Applies toclosely-held corporations.
Reference:
Ontario Business Corporations Act - Definition of Publicly Traded Corporations OACETT Professional Practice Guidelines - Business Structures in Engineering
質問 # 26
What does 'reasonableness' mean in tort law?
正解：B
解説：
Intort law,reasonablenessis a key principle used todetermine liability. It assesses whether aperson's actions werereasonable given the circumstances.
Step-by-Step Explanation:
* Definition in Tort Law- A person isliable for negligenceif they fail to act as areasonable person would in similar conditions.
* Why Option A Is Correct-Reasonableness is context-dependent; courts assess what isreasonable based on circumstances.
* Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
* B (Plaintiff's expectations)- The focus is on thedefendant's actions, not the plaintiff's expectations.
* C (Defined relationships)- Not all tort cases involve pre-existing relationships.
* D (Communication clarity)-Tort law assesses actions, not just communication clarity.
Reference:
Ontario Negligence Act- Definesreasonableness in legal disputes.
Case Law: Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932)- Established the"reasonable person" testin tort law.
質問 # 27
What is a Certificate for Payment?
正解：B
解説：
1. What is a Certificate for Payment?
* ACertificate for Paymentis anofficial document issued by an architect, engineer, or project owner that certifies that a certain portion of work has been completed and payment can be released to the contractor.
2. Why Are Certificates for Payment Important?
* Ensures contractors receive payment only for work that meets project standards.
* Prevents financial disputes between owners and contractors.
* Ensures that work progress aligns with project contracts and quality requirements.
3. Why Option B is Correct:
* This document is issued by professionals (architects, engineers, or project owners) to confirm work completion and authorize payment.
4. Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
* A (Confirms vendor has been paid)- Incorrect; aCertificate for Payment allows payment but does not confirm it has been made.
* C (Issued when bid is accepted)- Incorrect; a Certificate for Paymentis issued during project execution, not bidding.
* D (Outlines project milestones)- Incorrect; milestone paymentsare covered in contracts, but this is not what a Certificate for Payment does.
Reference:
Canadian Construction Documents Committee (CCDC) - Payment Certification in Construction Projects
質問 # 28
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当社JPNTestの専門家のほとんどは、長年プロの分野で勉強しており、IEPPE練習問題で多くの経験を蓄積しています。当社は、才能の選択にかなり慎重であり、常に専門知識とスキルのある従業員を雇用しています。専門家と作業スタッフの全員が高い責任感を維持しているため、IEPPE試験の資料を選択して長期的なパートナーになる人が非常に多くいます。
IEPPE的中問題集: https://www.jpntest.com/shiken/IEPPE-mondaishu
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どこに逃げるんだ、見た目完璧な上に、大人の色気フェロモン”というオプションまで携えたこの人はもはや神様、別の試験問題集より、弊社のIEPPE学習ガイド資料を購入したお客様は一年間の無料更新サービスを楽しみます。
IEPPE試験の知識を、あなたのように成功することに熱心な熱心な試験受験者に伝えることで、彼らはそれを助けを提供する責任として扱います、まず、当社の研究者は、IEPPEテスト問題のデータスコアリングシステムが実用性のテストに耐えられるようにするために多大な努力を払ってきました。
本当問題の最も賢明な選択、これは回り道を避け、あなたの時間と金銭を節約します。
2025年JPNTestの最新IEPPE PDFダンプおよびIEPPE試験エンジンの無料共有：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1rO5cFzXSUT45ExwQwnOC232n7u_7czw_
